Like many other frontier towns, early Flagstaff, Arizona withstood several devastating fires. Eventually, business owners and residents made a concerted effort to build structures using fire-resistant material, especially local rock.

Today, much of Flagstaff’s identity is tied to the numerous buildings constructed of fossil-rich Kaibab Limestone and a volcanic rock known locally as malpais basalt, which is often pitted and masked with green lichen.

Also used for years as a building stone in Flagstaff and elsewhere is a red sandstone of the Moenkopi Formation. Known as Arizona Red, this rock is no longer used for major construction, though it may still be seen in many of Flagstaff’s landmark buildings.

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